Differenciate Between Dynamic & Condenser Microphone

Dynamic and condenser microphones are two common types of microphones used for various audio recording and amplification purposes. They differ in their transducer technology, construction, and performance characteristics. Here’s a differentiation between dynamic and condenser microphones:

1. Transducer Technology:
   • Dynamic Microphone: Dynamic microphones use an electromagnetic induction principle to convert sound waves into electrical signals. They have a diaphragm attached to a coil of wire placed within a magnetic field. When sound waves hit the diaphragm, it moves, causing the coil to move within the magnetic field, generating an electrical current.
   • Condenser Microphone: Condenser microphones use a capacitor (condenser) to convert sound into electrical signals. They have a diaphragm placed close to a backplate, forming a capacitor. When sound waves hit the diaphragm, the distance between the diaphragm and backplate changes, causing variations in capacitance, which produces an electrical signal.
2. Sensitivity and Responsiveness:
   • Dynamic Microphone: Dynamic mics are generally less sensitive than condenser microphones. They are ideal for handling high sound pressure levels (SPL) and are commonly used for live performances and instrument amplification. They are less sensitive to nuances and subtle details in sound.
   • Condenser Microphone: Condenser microphones are highly sensitive and responsive to subtle sound variations. They capture a wide frequency range and are commonly used in studio recording for vocals, acoustic instruments, and capturing detailed sound sources.
3. Power Requirements:
   • Dynamic Microphone: Dynamic mics do not require external power sources or batteries. They are passive microphones and can be plugged directly into a mixer or recording device.
   • Condenser Microphone: Condenser microphones require a power source, typically provided through phantom power (48V) from a mixer or audio interface. Some condenser mics use batteries or external power supplies.
4. Durability:
   • Dynamic Microphone: Dynamic microphones are known for their robust and rugged construction. They can withstand rough handling and are less prone to damage from physical shocks and moisture.
   • Condenser Microphone: Condenser microphones are more delicate and sensitive to environmental conditions. They are best suited for controlled studio environments where they are less likely to be exposed to harsh handling or moisture.
5. Price Range:
   • Dynamic Microphone: Dynamic microphones are generally more affordable and budget-friendly compared to condenser microphones.
   • Condenser Microphone: Condenser microphones tend to be more expensive due to their higher sensitivity and precision, making them a common choice for professional studio applications.

In summary, dynamic microphones are robust and ideal for high SPL applications and live sound reinforcement, while condenser microphones are sensitive and precise, making them well-suited for studio recording and capturing detailed sound sources. The choice between the two depends on the specific application and the desired sound characteristics.